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Germanium is an important infrared and semiconductor material that only exists in associated minerals such as copper, zinc, and coal in nature. Its global resource reserves are relatively low and it belongs to the category of rare small metals. The proven reserves of germanium resources in the world are only 8600 tons, of which the United States is the largest resource holder, with the reserves of about 3870 tons, accounting for 45%; Next is China, with a reserve of approximately 3500, accounting for 41%. China is the world's largest producer of germanium, accounting for 68%, and has supplied 68.5% of the world's germanium in the past decade.

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Infrared Optical Materials

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Infrared Optical Materials

Germanium is an important infrared and semiconductor material that only exists in associated minerals such as copper, zinc, and coal in nature. Its global resource reserves are relatively low and it belongs to the category of rare small metals. The proven reserves of germanium resources in the world are only 8600 tons, of which the United States is the largest resource holder, with the reserves of about 3870 tons, accounting for 45%; Next is China, with a reserve of approximately 3500, accounting for 41%. China is the world's largest producer of germanium, accounting for 68%, and has supplied 68.5% of the world's germanium in the past decade.

 

Due to the high refractive index of single crystal germanium, and the larger the refractive index, the smaller the lens aperture required for equal luminous flux. Therefore, in infrared optics, germanium is usually used as the outermost main mirror for passing light in infrared lenses. At the same time, due to the high hardness of germanium, it can be precision machined using a diamond single point lathe and can be made into optical lenses such as aspherical surfaces and diffraction surfaces, making it the largest substrate material used in infrared optics.

 

The preparation technology of single crystal germanium is very mature, such as the VGF method or the CZ method. In terms of size, the maximum size of single crystal germanium in China is about 350mm, and there is still a polycrystalline state at the edges, which is still a certain gap compared to foreign countries.